An Egyptian military commander, who served as Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces and was the first commander of the Egyptian Air Defense Forces since June 23, 1969, and remained its commander during the War of Attrition and the October 1973 War, after which he was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in honor of his influential role. He has several books, including Writings on the Palestinian Campaign, Germany Threatening Peace, Germany between East and West (two parts), and The History of the Egyptian Air Defense Force. He is known for his appearance in the movie Wall of Heroism. He died on September 11, 1999.