An English writer, director, and actor, he was born in Liverpool, England. He is also the twin brother of playwright Anthony Shaffer. He grew up in London and studied at Hall School and St. Paul's School in London, after which he received a scholarship to study history at Trinity College. He worked in several libraries before discovering his talents for writing. His first play, The Salt Land, was presented in 1955, and in 1958 he wrote the play Five Finger Exercise, which won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Foreign Play. It was also adapted from the 1962 film by director Daniel Mann.