A German stage and film actor, born on June 23, 1884 in Gestungshausen, Sonnefeld, Bavaria, Germany. He attended the teacher's college at Kreuzburg from 1901. He was suspended from classes after it became known that he worked as an extra at the Breslau Lobe-Theater, after which he joined a traveling theater company. He debuted at the Guben municipal theater in 1903. Despite not being trained as an actor, he continued to play in Magdeburg, in Bromberg at the Theater Aachen in Nuremberg, and in Munich. He met the theater director Max Reinhardt, who took him to his Deutsches Theater in Berlin in 1913. He is known for The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920), Paracelsus (1943) and Robert Koch: The Battle Against Death (1939). He died on October 20, 1959 in Vienna, Austria.