Austrian film director and stage and film actor, born on March 16, 1889, in Vienna, Austria. He first entered the world of cinema in 1913, where he started as an actor but quickly gravitated towards directing. He founded his own film production company and actually joined the film industry and took on several roles in the 1920s films. He died on September 30, 1950, in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, at the age of 61. His notable films include The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) and Die Geliebte des Gouverneurs (1927).