American pianist, composer, and conductor, born in New York City, US on 10 October 1908. He was accepted into Harvard at 15 years old. He studied music, history, and economics, and obtained a master's degree in English literature. He toured with the vaudeville theater as a music director and worked with Paramount Films. Upon moving to Hollywood, he was met with success and became chairman of the music branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score 13 times, and won 5 times out of them. He also won several other awards, including a Golden Globe and a Grammy. He wrote the musical score for several films, such as West Side Story, Oliver, and An American in Paris. He died on 15 May 1989 in Los Angeles, California.