An American politician, she served as the 67th Secretary of State of the United States during the presidency of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. Hillary Clinton is the wife of Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, and was the First Lady of the United States during his term from 1993 to 2001. Clinton served in the United States Senate in New York City from 2001 to 2009. She was also the Democratic Party's candidate for the 2016 US presidential election, which she lost to Donald Trump. A native of Chicago, Illinois, Hillary Rodham graduated from Wellesley College in 1969. She was the first student speaker at the commencement ceremony, and then went on to Yale Law School to earn her J.D. in 1973. After serving as a legal adviser to the U.S. Congress, she moved to Arkansas, where she married Bill Clinton in 1975. In 1977, she co-founded the Arkansas Advocates for Families and Children, becoming the organization's first female president of legal services in 1978, and was named its first female partner in 1979. As the first lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and from 1983 to 1992, Clinton led the charge to reform Arkansas' education system, and served on the board of Walmart, among other companies. Hillary Clinton was named one of the 100 most influential lawyers in America by the National Law Journal from 1988 to 1991. While first lady, her first initiative, the Clinton health care plan of 1993, failed to gain any votes in Congress. From 1997 to 1999, she played a leading role in advocating for the Children's Health Insurance Program, the Adoption and Safe Families Act, and the Foster Care Independent Care Act. Of the five women subpoenaed, Clinton testified before a federal grand jury in 1996 about the Whitewater scandal controversy, although she was not charged in that case or any other case during her husband's presidency. Her marriage to President Clinton was the subject of much public debate in the wake of the Lewinsky scandal in 1998, and her status as first lady has generally drawn a strong public response from the American public.