The Prophet sat under a tree with his sword hanging from it. Ghawrath ibn al-Harith asked, “Are you afraid of me?” The Prophet said, “May God protect you from me.” The Prophet offered Islam to Ghawrath, who was scared. He said, “I promise you that I will not fight you, nor will I be with people who fight you.”
The Quraysh prepared for the Battle of Uhud in revenge for their defeat at Badr. Their men were demanding the head of Hamza, may God be pleased with him. Hind bint Utbah had also promised Wahshi his freedom and a great deal of money if he killed Hamza.
The Muslims set out for the Battle of Uhud, but Abd-Allah ibn Ubay withdrew with his army because the Prophet (PBUH) did not consult him. The Prophet took the route of King Murabba' of the Banu Qayziyyah, a blind hypocrite. He threw dirt at the Muslims, and the Prophet said, "This man is blind in heart and sight."
The archers disobeyed the Prophet's ﷺ orders at Uhud, so Khalid ibn al-Walid attacked, the Quraysh were victorious, and the Prophet was wounded. Hamza was killed and his body was mutilated. Then, Uthman married Umm Kulthum and gave birth to al-Hasan.
Abu Sufyan sought to kill the Messenger ﷺ. A Bedouin tried to kill him but failed. He then declared his Islam. Then the Messenger ﷺ sent Amr bin Umayyah and Salamah ibn Huraysh to kill Abu Sufyan. The Bedouin learned of their whereabouts and tried to kill them, but they fled and returned to Medina.
Abu Bara' came to the Prophet and invited him to Islam. He refused but asked that men be sent to Najd to invite them. So the Prophet sent Al-Mundhir ibn Amr and seventy men, and Abu Bara' granted him protection. They descended to Bi'r Ma'una and all of them were killed except one.
Amr bin Umayyah informed the Prophet that he had killed two men from Banu Amir to avenge his companions despite the existence of a treaty between them. The Prophet asked Banu Nadir for help in paying the blood money, but they broke the treaty and tried to kill him. He ordered them to leave Medina.
The Prophet (PBUH) besieged Banu Nadir and ordered no harm to the old, women, or children. They gave up and went to Khaybar. Then he invited the Muslims to Abu Talha's house, where they ate. Abdullah ibn Uthman died, and al-Husayn, may God be pleased with him, was born.
Abd-Allah ibn Salul tried to dissuade the Prophet from fighting at Badr, so the Muslims camped near Badr. Abu Sufyan was afraid and returned with his army, and the Muslims were victorious. Hanzala was attacking the caravans near Dumat al-Jandal, so the Prophet confronted him.
The Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, entered Dumat al-Jandal, the polytheists fled, and the caravans were safe. Then the Banu Nadir incited the tribes and the Quraysh to form alliances for an all-out war against the Muslims.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted the Muslims about confronting the Confederates. Salman the Persian suggested digging a trench around Medina, and he agreed. Then Banu Qurayzah broke their covenant and joined the Confederates.
The Prophet led the Battle of the Trench. The trench surrounded Yathrib, except for the area of Banu Qurayzah. The Confederates besieged the people of Medina and prevented them from receiving food. Amr ibn Abd Wadd managed to breach the trench, but Ali ibn Abi Talib, may God be pleased with him, killed him.
Nuaym ibn Masud spoiled the relationship between Banu Qurayzah, Quraysh, and Ghatafan, causing discord among them. Then, the confederates attempted to attack the Prophet's house from the direction of Banu Qurayzah, but the Muslims confronted them, and the polytheists fled.
Discord arose among the confederates, and the Quraysh, Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, and Ghatafan disagreed. Then God sent a violent wind on a cold night, and the polytheists despaired and returned to their homes.
Remembering the events of Badr, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed Ibn Umm-Maktum as his successor in Medina. The Muslims seized the water and were victorious. He then sent Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman to reconnoiter the polytheist camp after a strong wind had blown.
Abu Sufyan returned to Mecca with the remainder of his soldiers. Hudhayfah told the Messenger of the Quraysh's withdrawal, and he thanked God. Banu Qurayzah surrendered to the Prophet's army. Saʿd ibn Muʿād ruled over them, and the Prophet and Banu Qurayzah accepted his ruling.
The Prophet sent a message to Banu Bakr inviting them to Islam, but they fled to the mountains. Musaylima the Liar claimed prophethood. The Prophet then led a campaign against Banu Lahyan for killing ten of the Companions, so they fled to the mountains. He left Ali in charge of Medina, accompanied by Ibn Umm-Maktum.
Ibn Abu Thumama failed to kill the Prophet, so he converted to Islam. An economic blockade was imposed on the Quraysh, with grain supplies banned, leading to famine. A delegation from Mecca went to the Prophet, so he ordered Ibn Abu Thumama to send them grain. He was the first Muslim to perform Umrah.
The Muslims headed to Wadi Usfan, near Mecca, to deter the polytheists. The Quraysh became fearful, and the result was exactly what the Prophet wanted. Then some of the polytheists stole the Prophet's camels, killed their shepherd, and cursed his wife. The Muslims pursued them and captured them.
The Prophet saw in a dream that he and his companions were entering the Sacred Mosque with their hair shaved and shortened. He ordered the Umrah pilgrimage. The Quraysh gathered the Abyssinian alliance to confront him. Khalid planned to betray the Muslims at prayer, but they performed the prayer of fear.
The Messenger of God, PBUH, and the Muslims insisted on performing Umrah. The Quraysh sent Urwah ibn Masʽud and others to persuade him to return. The Messenger gave them the choice between a peace treaty that they would accept or entering the House by force.
The Messenger sent Uthman ibn Affan to inform the Quraysh of his desire to perform Umrah, but he delayed, and news of his death spread. The Companions pledged allegiance to the Messenger ﷺ to die in thePledge of the Tree, and then the Treaty of al-Hudaybiya was issued.
The Prophet returned to Medina, intending to enter Mecca the following year. Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl converted to Islam, but the Prophet returned him to the Quraysh under the terms of the peace treaty. Abu Jandal fled and raided Quraysh caravans. The Prophet formed an army to attack Khaybar, and the Jews sought Banu Ghatafan aid.
An Abyssinian slave from Khaybar converted to Islam after tending sheep for his Jewish master. He left them, but the Prophet assured him they'd be returned, as they were a trust. The Muslims faced resistance at the conquest of Khaybar, so Ali ibn Abi Talib took the banner and conquered the fortress of Na'im.
Zaynab bint Al-Harith presented a poisoned sheep to the Prophet. When he found out and she confessed, he pardoned her. A Jewish prisoner of war planned to attack the Muslims on their way back, so the Prophet ordered him to be killed.
The Messenger sent Abu Bakr's expedition to Banu Fazara and Umar's expedition to Hawazin for plotting against Medina. He also sent an expedition to Idam, where Muhallim ibn Jath-thamah killed Amer Al-Ashja'i due to a longstanding grievance from the pre-Islamic era. He told the Messenger and offered his family a ransom, which they accepted.
A man from the Ansar set out on a raid and the Prophet ordered them to obey him. He ordered them to light a fire and throw themselves into it, but they refused. When they informed him, he said, "Obedience is only in what is right and proper." Then he and the Muslims performed the Umrah of Dhu'l-Qada for three days.
Amr ibn al-As went out with some men from Quraysh to the Negus. There he saw Amr bin Umayyah and asked to hand him over so he could kill him, but the Negus refused. Then Amr ibn al-As converted to Islam at his hands and hid his conversion from his companions.
Khalid ibn al-Walid went to the mountains at the time of al-Hudaybiya, intending to kill the Prophet while he was praying, but something prevented him. Khalid then met Uthman ibn Talha and Amr ibn al-As, and together they went to the Prophet and declared their Islam and pledged allegiance to him.
An Ansari complained about his camel to the Prophet. The Prophet went to it and the camel prostrated, complaining of hunger and beating its owner. The Prophet sighed and his eyes teared up. A pulpit was built, and when he stood on it, a groaning sound was heard from the trunk of the palm tree. So the Messenger got down and leaned on it.